Summary
With the help of Székely script Sebestyén Gyula could
find an explanation - the generally used runic writing technology of early
ancient times - for the inconsistent writing direction of early Greek and
Latin. He wrote, “Hungarian runic script
is emerging from the fog of forgetfulness and uncertainty. What it can offer to
the universal history of writing is one of the greatest wonders of epigraphy.
... Our nation was involved in ... the greatest inheritance of the Ancient
World ... and could make good use of it.” It is only one of the series of
wonders as Székely script can help solve other problems besides the secret of
line direction. It can reveal several other circumstances of the development of
writing, since the beginnings of Székely script are equivalent with the
beginnings of writing itself.
To sum it up, Székely-Hungarian runic script is of
Székely-Hungarian origin. After centuries of fruitless search for the language
that served as the medium of transfer, this is the only obvious conclusion,
based on mythological, linguistic, ethnological, and writing-historical
parallels of Székely script.
The formal and substantive coincidences from all over the
world, revealing Székely script’s genetic relations to other languages,
indicate that it is an ancient script. The Hungarians' predecessors applied the
achievements of their environment and influenced other writing systems. The
common mythological background and continuous interaction through thousands of
years resulted in parallels, but these do not prove that Székely script was
adapted from some other writing system. They only demonstrate that Székely
script is a determining factor of mankind’s writing culture, and an
indispensable witness and participant in the origin and development of writing.
The character forms of Székely script developed from
plan- and frontal-view[1]
versions of a Neolithic model of the world, and from the model’s constituent
symbols.[2]
They illustrate Karl Faulmann’s views, that conventional, religious symbols
were common to all ancient peoples, and the history of writing is nothing but
the process through which the local, national variants of that common ancient
alphabet developed.
The first applications of characters may have
decorated ritual objects in the region around
American Indian, Hunnish and Hungarian artists’
picture montages that represent rivers and mountains (ligatures “jm” standing
for Jima, the progenitor of mankind) prove that at time the New World was being
populated, the prototype of Székely script was already in use in
Further research will determine whether the present
sound values were attached to these two signs in the Ice Age or thousands of
years later. For this we must know the exact schedule by which
This first
script used characters similar to the Székely ones and marked the prototypes of
Hungarian words, syllables and sounds. Of course we can only guess the
linguistic features of that early age. However, the tradition-preserving
characteristics of the Hungarian language and parallel Hittite, Hurrian and
Sumerian sign names suggest that the prototype language of that time must have
been inflectional. To mark the inflections it must have been able to mark
independent sounds as well. The signs and letters, however, probably were not
created at one time.
Traces of writing have survived in great numbers since
4000 BC. At that time seals were used generally, and seal-cylinders and pictographic
clay-tablets began to appear (cf. Makkay/1990/52). On the other hand, the texts
on durable materials cannot reflect the global writing culture of that age as
e.g. texts engraved in wood have completely vanished. This is also the age of
Sumerian script’s appearance, but there is disagreement on this. “... to a historian of writing the earliest
possible date would seem to be the most acceptable,” wrote Gelb (1952/63).
We cannot but agree with him, considering all the above mentioned early
inscriptions and connections.
The first Sumerian pictographic script could have a
relationship with an early migratory script, which was similar to Székely and
could have been taken by the first Sumerian settlers from their homeland at the
North (Harali?). That is why the shape, name and meaning of Székely runes could
be related simultaneously to American Indian, Alvao, Sumerian, and Chinese
scripts.
The character order starting with abd was composed on the basis of earlier rituals and the names of
the divine triad. Originally it could have been an enumeration of religious
significance, e.g. a list of gods, divine features, metamorphoses and
attributes of god; the sequence of ritual events, objects, and offerings; the
chapters of stories performed at celebrations; or the order of celebrations
etc. As a symbol belonged to each, and these symbols subsequently became
characters, the order of characters was evidently given.
The characteristics of Székely script have been
preserved in several sign systems. The largest number of graphic parallels can
be found in the earliest signs of Europe, the Middle East and
Fig. 35 Ancient sign systems that can be related to
Székely runic script: inscriptions on the Mas d’Azil pebbles (7-8th millennium
BC), signs on the potsherds of Tordos-Vinca (4-3rd millennium BC) and Tepe
Yahya (4-2nd millennium BC), Urartian hieroglyphs (2-1st millennium BC), rock
drawings from ancient Khwarism (2nd millennium BC), signs on Hunnish objects
(1st millennium AD)
Székely; Mas d’Azil; Tordos-Vinca; Tepe Yahya;
Urartian; Khwarism; Hunnish
The closest relative of Székely script’s character
order is the Ugaritic cuneiform system, which is of Hurrian origin. One of the
prototypes, or rather parallels of Székely ligatures is the inscription in
Hittite Yazilikaya rock pantheon; the other is the American Indian writing
method. Its writing technology is described by the expression “wood writing,”
applied to Hittite hieroglyphic script. The assumption logically follows, that
a runic script must have existed at that time which had all these features. As
there are no existing tally-sticks, however, it only remains a supposition.
On the other hand, it is a fact that Székely script
preserved all the above features of ancient sign systems. Székely script could
not inherit these features from any one writing system known today, and it is
improbable that it was compiled from a dozen different systems. What we face is
not a pile of rubble, but a rock mass left behind by the ages that created the
writing systems - a rock that has survived thousands of years hardly a scratch.
In accordance with Sebestyén Gyula’s principles quoted at the beginning of this
study, Székely script can be considered the relative or rather the prototype of
the first ancient scripts.
Steppe traditionalism has made survival of ancient
features possible, although script may have gone through smaller alterations;
its character set may have increased or changed and may have been partly replaced.
Our predecessors likely insisted on a particular
character shape only if it had religious importance. For example, the shapes of
the original word and syllabic characters developed into letters, which are
still used as such. Then these letters were combined into new syllabic signs
because a set of symbols representing syllables is easier to learn and has all
the advantages of a syllabic script. Ligature technology is very ancient (Fig.
10), and even among our earliest signs there could have already been complex
symbols, such as the rune “nt” (cf. Figs. 5, 14, 29, 33). Therefore, it is not
at all certain that the syllabic prototypes of the Ba and aB types of consonants
developed earlier than the vowel signs. It must have varied from language to
language.
The letter compounds without religious significance
could easily be replaced by other signs, if changes in writing technology
required it. Paper, silk, leather, etc., which was used in economically
prosperous times, could have encouraged letter script without ligatures, so the
syllabic signs could simply have fallen into oblivion. In blood-filled
centuries, which were probably not rare, our forefathers returned to the use of
tally-sticks, and to save space and time they were forced to invent new
ligatures. It is due to this fact that there is little similarity between
compounded syllable signs in the various “alphabets” (Fig. 18).
The “nt” of Mas d’Azil and the American Indian “jm”
imply, that Székely script was a phonetic system (containing both letters and
syllabic signs) as early as the end of the Ice Age.[4]
Therefore, both the use of syllabic script mentioned by Thelegdi and that of
letter alphabets, are thousands of years old. Though that may be a surprising
conclusion for many, it does not contradict the general practice of increasing
the number of characters, e.g. in Egyptian, Sumerian, Hittite or Chinese, and
also resembles Chinese montage technique.
The parallels between the languages and scripts of
The “Bél atya” (Father Bél) meaning of the Hungarian
word betû (letter), its linguistic
and mythological connections cannot come from a Semitic or Greek source. Its
relationship to a great number of languages (Portuguese fétis “amulet, religiously respected object or person,”
Arriving from the East, Scythians, Huns and Avars
(Parthians) led a large proportion of the peoples from the Steppe to the
These inscriptions and the above-mentioned linguistic,
mythological, ethnographic etc. data and relationships support the words of
Hungarian chronicles that mention Hunnish-Scythian script.
However, as we could see, Székely script is much more
ancient than these nations; it is the direct descendant of the first sign
system of mankind. It is the heritage of gods and cultural heroes who emerged
from Chaos of the Flood.
Fig. 36 The name of Jima, the first man, written in
pictorial sign montages in the Steppe tradition
The enamel picture of Jesus on the cross-strap of the
Hungarian Holy Crown (drawing by Ludvig Rezsõ);
Mongolian stone-sculpture (adapted from Kubarev, V.
D.)
The enamel picture of Jesus on the band of the
Hungarian Holy Crown
“jm” ligatures at Christ’s knees
According to the cell-drawings Christ is the “
Fig. 37 Old Persian cuneiform script, which is
considered an independent creation in researches, bears some similarity in
detail to corresponding solutions of Székely and Turkish runic script.
[1] The world model viewed from above is
rune "f" (Föld - Earth), while the frontal view model is rune
"g" (ég - sky, Heaven).
[2] One of the signs in this character
set is the scroll representing the Milky Way, which is a variant of Székely
rune "ak" (patak - brook) and "j" (jó, folyó -good, river).
This sign occurs on Mango Capac’s belt (coming to the world from the Lake
Titicaca; Ayala/1990/14), on European Megalithic objects, on relics of the
Arpadian dynasty (coming to the world from a brook which burst up from Emese’s
loins (Fig. 11., 36.) and on the shoulders of a Mongolian sculpture
(Kubarev/1997/574).
[3] When I was writing down these
thoughts I was looking for excuses. It was only later that I realised that none
should find excuses for discoveries. The probability of writing-historical
connections is further increased by the recently found parallels between the
most ancient Hungarian and American Indian music. Ördög László, music teacher
and Vavrinecz Béla, composer and folk-music expert informed me about these
discoveries, that prove that the most ancient cultural centres (such as
[4] However, it must be emphasised that
these examples are not enough to decide such an important question. It only
means that this is the most likely explanation for the available poor
references from a mainly writing-historical point of view.
When
deciding a writing-historical question it seems rational to think in
writing-historical terms. It would not be correct to ask: "What is the
culture behind the writing of the Ice Age?" as this question involves an
irrational preconception. It implies the preconception that writing can only
exist where archaeologists have already dug out the foundations of some stone
or adobe buildings, and that writing itself is not enough to prove the
existence of a culture.
According
to some experts (e.g. G. Hancock) the first megalithic buildings appeared in
the Ice Age, but the details of this issue would exceed the limits and aims of
this study.
Contents
7. | |
9. | |
History of the scientific views on the origins of Székely runic script | 10. |
26. | |
28. | |
29. | |
32. | |
35. | |
37. | |
39. | |
48. | |
52. | |
55. | |
58. | |
61. | |
68. | |
70. | |
71. | |
73. | |
79. | |
82. | |
87. | |
92. | |
97. | |
101. | |
109. |
Nincsenek megjegyzések:
Megjegyzés küldése