The
age of the development of Székely character forms
The most probable source of the set of religious
symbols which formed the basis of Hungarian runes is the region of the Aegean
Sea, Anatolia and
Symbolism connected to religious beliefs has spread
all over the world. For example the variants of Székely “f,” “j,” “ak,” and “m”
can be recognized among American Indian pictograms (see e.g. Fig. 10). Indians
carried these symbols from Siberia, the region most severely affected by ice,
to the
Similar printed signs were found on pebbles from the
That judgment, however, does not pass for scientific
criticism; it only illustrates how unformed the theories of the origin of
writing are and how little some conclusions are known. The question of the
origin of writing is still cloaked in darkness - that is why few people
recognize the significance of half sentences about religious, magical origin of
signs uttered by writing historians.
It is of great typological importance, that Székely
script offers an unparalleled possibility to understand and illustrate these
religious sources. It is not mere chance that the meaning of ancient signs can
be understood with the help of the characters of Székely script (cf. Figs. 1,
8, 10). We can suppose that at that early age the various signs were mainly
religious symbols connected to the notions of the middle of the Earth, the tree
holding the sky, creation, and ancestor worship. For Neolithic man, living in
an age of myths, they expressed vital connections, and their significance can
be seen in the wide distribution of these signs and their appearance in Székely
script.
Their widespread use is in accordance with a theory of
Finnish scientists (e.g. Saks), who, on the basis of geographical names, claim
that the area south of the ice-cap, from the Atlantic to the
One of the traces is the name and written form of the
Egyptian Usiri (Osiris in Greek) and Assur. Its parallels can be found in the
Mordvin word azoro (lord), Vogoul otar (reigning prince), Old-Irani asura (lord), and the Hungarian ezer (thousand)[3].
They all mean ancient lord (õsúr) and are compounded from the Sumerian words as and uru (both meaning “man”) and the Hungarian words õs (ancient) and úr (lord; uru at the time
of the Hungarian Conquest). Assur[4]
is a creator god, called “õs” (ancient lord, progenitor) in Hungarian. That
traditional name could have reached
Following their development, the prototypes of Székely
character forms retained their linear features, probably as a result of the
general use of runic technology for millennia. There is no reason to rule out
the possibility that different (e.g. cuneiform) variants have also developed,
but no generally accepted hypothesis exists about their relationship to the
predecessor of Székely script and Hungarian language, and discussion of this
topic would go beyond the goals of this study. Extending the circle of the Székely
runic script's relatives, Hungarian national pictograms and royal symbols can
also be considered as the pictorial variants of Székely signs. Such variants
may also be sought among the symbols used in steppes and other areas, as long
as the possibility of a relationship through ethnicity, language or writing history
exists.
Other writing media also had an influence on the
shapes of Székely signs. According to Priscos, the Huns used paper as well for
writing, and their use of ligatures is illustrated by the contraction of the
words “õs ég” (ancient sky) in Fig. 22. This can also explain some later
Székely character shapes that are difficult to carve. These are for example the
ligatures “aNTaL” and “ALBeRT” in the runic calendar, which resemble Saint Stephen’s
and the Frankish rulers’ initials. Such Székely initials have been found by
count Marsigli in
[1] The last ice age, which culminated
18-20 thousand years ago, had its center in
[2] Osiris - like the Hunnish prince
Csaba and Álmos, a Hungarian chieftain - emerged from water at his birth.The
names of the four holy rivers in
[3] The rune for ezer (thousand) is an
eight-pointed star, the same as the earlier form of Sumerian pictogram of
dingir "star; god".
[4] In the Assurian variant of the
Babylonian epic poem of creation, Enuma Elis, Assur is a creator god. One of
his wives is Ninlil, the wife of the Sumerian Enlil, therefore Assur and Enlil
are equivalent. His son is Ninurta, who is usually identified as Nimród, the
progenitor of the Hungarians in Hungarian cronicles.
Contents
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History of the scientific views on the origins of Székely runic script | 10. |
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