The mythology, names, and sound-values of runes
If the Hungarian runic characters had names, these
names are not known - declares Gyula Németh (1934/13).
Since then, most character names have been
successfully identified by the identification of the objects they represent[1]
(Fig. 6). The phonetic forms of Székely runes developed from these names at one
time. The names form a linguistic and semantic system, which is similar and closely connected to the image system,
and they belong to the most ancient Hungarian words. Unlike Greek or Semitic
letter names, these Hungarian names are easy to understand; though they are
sometimes archaic. They possess such coherent mythological connections as make
it possible to reconstruct the system
of the ancient Hungarian religion. This circumstance not only verifies the
reconstruction of names, but also gives information about the origin of Székely
script, since the different types of religious systems are restricted in space
and time.
During the process of acrophony[2],
character names developed into the letters; 's’ from the character name 'sarok'
(corner), 'h' from the character name 'hal' (fish), etc.
There is the divine triad[3]
in the background of the runes 'a' (anya = mother, Anahita, Anat, Enéh), 'b' (Bél[4],
belsõ = internal), and 'd' (Du[5]).
The Hungarian 'gy' rune, which forms a double cross[6],
is identical with the attribute egy
(one) in the name of God, and its character represents the Milky Way, the
personified pillar of the world.
The phonetic form of the wave-shaped 'ü' originates in
the Hungarian word ügy (folyó =
river). Rivers meant god-symbols for our forefathers. About this, Maximus
Tyrius wrote the following: "Rivers
are respected either for the advantages they offer, as the Egyptians respect the
The form of the 't' rune represents the single
fork-shaped supporting pillar of the simplest Hungarian buildings[7].
Its phonetic form is rooted in the shortened form of the Hungarian word tengely (axis, axle), and it is not
accidental that the root ten appears
also in the Hungarian words isten
(god), tenger (sea), tündér (fairy), and tanító (teacher). According to ancient myths, the first god-like teachers appeared from the sea
like fairies, and were identified
with the world's axis of rotation, the personified pillar of the world: the
Milky Way.
The name and the phonetic form of the Sumerian
fish-formed ha (fish) and the Székely
'h' (hal = fish) characters suggests related linguistic and writing traditions.
The Turks borrowed their similar, fish-shaped hieroglyph from Hunnish script
(Fig. 7). Due to linguistic differences the Hunnish-Székely character name
became hal, while the Turkish one
became balik, and they shortened to
the Székely 'h' and the Turkish 'b' letters respectively.[8]
Their connection is understandable only if steppe runes are regarded as the
descendants of hieroglyphs.
The 'f' rune, a cross in a circle, represents the four
holy rivers (
(Hittite metal plaque with a tree formed as a double
cross, holding Heaven and with the sun at the top; a hieroglyph from Urartu;
Chinese lolo [sky, heaven]; Székely 'g' [ég = sky])
There are many more examples. These runes are the
connected relics of a mythically beautiful Paleolithic view of the world. In
that ancient world the pillar of the world holds Heaven, double cross
represents the only God, and heroes, who founded empires later, are born from
the rivers.
Fig. 10 The precedents of ligature are the
pictogram-montages: The representation of the Milky Way by combining the
symbols of water and stairs in a potter motif from Lehecsény; in the Hunnish
strap-end from Csorna; in an Indian cup from Central America; on the edge of
the stairs "leading to the sky " of a Totonac Indian pyramid; and in
a New-Mexican Indian pot (with the name of the Father)[9]
(potter motif from Lehecsény; a part of the strap-end from Csorna; embroidery from Kalotaszeg with "big script"; Central American Indian cup; a part of a Totonac Indian pyramid; Indian pot from New-Mexico)
[1] The systematic character of the
symbols made it possible to reconstruct the names, as the symbol for 'b' (Bél,
belsõ = internal) occurs inside (in the center) of world models, character ‘s’
(sarok = corner) at their corners, etc. (Varga/1997).
[2] Acrophony is a process in the history
of writing, during which a word character develops into a letter denoting the
first sound or the first consonant of the word.
[3] The memory of the divine triad has
survived in the name of Anonymus Enedubelianus (Enéh+Du+Bél).
[4] The Magyar word fiú developed from the name Bél through the sound changes
Bél-Pel-Pil-Pi-fiú. It is also connected to the names Béla, Balaton (Baál
ten/Baál tó =
[5] God the Father of Magyar conquerors
is identical with Ta/Da, the Hittite god of storm. Cf. Duna, Don,
[6] The stalk of the double cross is the
Milky Way, and the two crosswise strokes represent the ecliptic at the time of
the two solstices.
[7] Herder’s shacks partly dug into the
ground, with their roof leaning against the hillside, tents with a center-pole,
or horse-driven dry mills. These buildings are world models at the same time.
[8] The symbology of the character is
shown by the mythological, ethnographic and linguistic connections between hal (fish), háló (net), halál
(death), hulla (corpse), and Khul Ater
(father Fish, the Obi-Ugrian god of hell).
[9] The symbol of water and stairs are
related to the runes 'j' (jó = good, folyó = river) and 'm' (magas = high,
magasba vezetõ út = way leading upwards) respectively. A possible
interpretation of these signs gives the name of Jima (Jóme(gye), Jóma(gas) of
Avesta, the forefather of Mankind in the Irani mythology (cf. Mitológiai/II/127).
He had the Vara erected in Khwarism (Tolstov/1986/96), which means vár (castle), város (city) in Hungarian. The source of the pictures: potter motif
from Lehevsény in Florescu/1967/111; Hunnish strap-end in Huszka/1996/150; the
part of the Totonac pyramid is the author's drawing, the Central-American cup
in Dúcz/1993;the pot from Anasaz (Zuni, New-Mexico) Clark/1997/22.
Contents
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History of the scientific views on the origins of Székely runic script | 10. |
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