Avarian Turul-birds from Middle-Bohemia that can be interpreted and read as texts

 Olvasható avar turulok Közép-Csehországból

Nada Profantova published in her study titled Bronzefunde des 7. Jahrhunderts aus Méstec Králové (Bez. Nymburk, Böhmen (1) the description and drawings of a treasure find unearthed in Middle-Bohemia. On two of these finds there are readable signs. In this current article, I attempt to read the word-signs written in Hungarian hieroglyphs on the fragment with an eagle head (Figure 1).

Figure 1/a) The fragment with a Turul depiction from Mestec Kralové (Middle-Bohemia) from the 7th century with the sentences „Shine Khuar!” and „Great [or Glorious] Yuko” (in the middle), the Avarian hieroglyphs ragyogó "Glorious (or shining)", Khuar "Khuar", nagy "Great" and Lyukó "Yuko" (on the left side, from the top to down), as well as the Secler runas "r", "k", "n" és "ly" having hieroglyphic meaning (on the right side).

Figure 1/b) The fragment with a Turul depiction from Mestec Kralové (Middle-Bohemia) from the 7^th century with the sentences „Shine Khuar!” and „Great [or Glorious] Yuko”

The most valuable piece of the treasure discovered in the forest nearby Méstec Králové is a fragment of yellow copper with eagle heads (in three pieces) and a beltend-fitting. Both objects were made in the 7^th century and wear signs. Similar objects were found in other regions of Eastern Europe, too, f.e. in the middle-basin of the Dnieper, in the Carpathian Basin and in Crimea. In an earlier study of mine, I described a similar – allegedly Ostrogoth – object with an eagle head and the reading of its hieroglyphic signs (Fig. 4). Similar objects from the 7-8^th century are known from the region of Nymburk dominated at that time partly by the Avars and Byzantium.    

These fragments from Bohemia are particularly interesting for us because these, like other supposedly Ostorogoth objects, wear readable Hungarian hieroglyphs. As they give complete Hungarian sentences these objects belong undoubtedly to the Avar cultural heritage and not to the Byzantine, German or Slavic archeological collection.

 

Fig. 2/a) The symmetric sentence on a Turul-fragment that is part of the treasure find from Mestec Kralové can be interpreted as “Shine up Khuar!” (This is a draft of a text of a God- summoning celebration, i.e. a magic text on an amulet).

 

On Figure 2, the symmetric text can be interpreted as “Shine (up) Khuar!” or “Shine! Khuar! You have been shining!”. Khuar the Lord whose name was mentioned in the preserved historic sources was the deity of the Caucasian Huns. Scythians and Huns used very similar symmetric sentences in order to emphasize the perfect and undeniable content of their holy texts. This triple structure of the signs in which the name of God is placed between two hieroglyphs meaning „shine” fits into the well known structure of the texts of God-summoning celebrations. Other texts like this can be found on the enamel Christ-picture of the Hungarian Holy Stephan’s Crown manufactured around 531 AD for the Sabirian Huns in the Merve Oasis (Fig. 2/b). The two texts are not totally identical but their common cultural background is not questionable. It is an interesting parallelism that the angle of inclination of the hieroglyph „shining” is exactly the same on both objects: on the right edge they tilt to the right, on the left edge to the left. That is particularly interesting as the hieroglyph „shining” that is the prefiguration of the minor „r” of the Secler runa writing appears in different positions, from horizontal position, through of different skewness until the vertical position.

Fig. 2/b) The text of the God-summoning celebration in the enamel Christ-picture of the Hungarian Holy Stephan’s Crown that can be read as „Shine, shine shine [oh] Lord! This is the land of Lyuko the Lord. You have been shining, shining, shining, [oh], Lord!”

Fig. 3) The sentence Nagy Lyukó „Great/glorious Yuko" from the Turul-fragment of Mestec Kralové treasure.

Where can one know from that these birds are Turuls? Also Csanád Bálint asked this question regarding the birds in his book written about the Nagyszentmiklós-treasure. It was me who answered this question: the Turul can be recognized based on the Secler runas placed on and at the birds which are word-signs, i.e. hieroglyphs. Based on the principle that „holy birds wear holy signs” it can be stated that this is not a normal bird but it must be a divine bird that is an important symbol in the Hunnian-Hungarian mythology. Lyuko is one of the names of the God of Scythians, Huns and Avars that was identified with the Milky Way and called source of life and abundance.

Fig. 4) The Avar-Hun Turuls that were misunderstood as Ostrogoth symbols. They wear the sentence „Lyuko the Great One /or the Great River (in the middle), and the hieroglyphs „Lyukó”, „Great One / River” (on the left side) as well as the hieroglyphic Secler runas "ly", "n" and "ü" (on the right side).

 

References

 

(1) The study book was published to the birthday of Béla Miklós Szőke, leader of the archeological excavations at Zalavár. Unfortunately the published results of the Zalavár-excavations don’t help the clearing if the truth because – as Kornél Bakay told – Zalavár has never been Mosaburg. The here described writing monuments from Middle-Bohemia are very useful as they are suitable to underline the economic and cultural presence of the Hungarian-speaking Avars and to compensate the damages caused by misconceptions serving political preconceptions in the public opinion.

 

Literature

Nada Profantova: Bronzefunde des 7. Jahrhunderts aus Méstec Králové (Bez. Nymburk, Böhmen). CASTELLUM, CIVITAS, URBS "CENTRES AND ELITS in the early Medeival Ages of Eastern-Central-Europe. Publ. by the Hungarian Scientific Academy, Research Center of Phil. Sciences, Institute of Archeology. Budapest, Leipzig, Keszthely, Rahden/Westf. 2015.

Bakay, Kornél: Zalavár-Vársziget és a Mosaburg-kérdés

Bakay, Kornél: Controversy between Zalavàr – Vàrsziget and Mosaburg

Varga, Géza: Osztrogót turulok a hieroglifikus "Lyukó a nagy folyó" mondattal

Varga, Géza: Magyar hieroglif írás Írástörténeti Kutatóintézet / Institute of Writing History, Budapest, 2017.

Varga, Géza: A Szent Korona születésének ideje, helye és alkalma

Varga, Géza: Istenidéző szertartás szövegkönyve a Szent Koronán 

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[1] The Turul – in Turkish (Er)-Tugrul – was the falcon-like mythological holy bird of early Hungarians and other Scythian people - the Translator.

I.

Avarian Turul-birds[1] from Middle-Bohemia that can be interpreted and read as texts

Nada Profantova published in her study titled Bronzefunde des 7. Jahrhunderts aus Méstec Králové (Bez. Nymburk, Böhmen (1) the description and drawings of a treasure find unearthed in Middle-Bohemia. On two of these finds there are readable signs. In this current article, I attempt to read the word-signs written in Hungarian hieroglyphs on the fragment with an eagle head (Figure 1).

Figure 1/a) The fragment with a Turul depiction from Mestec Kralové (Middle-Bohemia) from the 7^th century with the sentences „Shine Khuar!” and „Great [or Glorious] Yuko” (in the middle), the Avarian hieroglyphs "Glorious (or shining)", "Khuar", "Great" and "Yuko" (on the left side, from the top to down), as well as the Secler runes "r", "k", "n" és "ly" having hieroglyphic meaning (on the right side).

Figure 1/b) The fragment with a Turul depiction from Mestec Kralové (Middle-Bohemia) from the 7^th century with the sentences „Shine Khuar!” and „Great [or Glorious] Yuko”

The most valuable piece of the treasure discovered in the forest nearby Méstec Králové is a fragment of yellow copper with eagle heads (in three pieces) and a beltend-fitting. Both objects were made in the 7^th century and wear signs. Similar objects were found in other regions of Eastern Europe, too, f.e. in the middle-basin of the Dnieper, in the Carpathian Basin and in Crimea. In an earlier study of mine, I described a similar – allegedly Ostrogoth – object with an eagle head and the reading of its hieroglyphic signs (Fig. 4). Similar objects from the 7-8^th century are known from the region of Nymburk dominated at that time partly by the Avars and Byzantium.    

These fragments from Bohemia are particularly interesting for us because these, like other supposedly Ostorogoth objects, wear readable Hungarian hieroglyphs. As they give complete Hungarian sentences these objects belong undoubtedly to the Avar cultural heritage and not to the Byzantine, German or Slavic archeological collection.

 

Fig. 2/a) The symmetric sentence on a Turul-fragment that is part of the treasure find from Mestec Kralové can be interpreted as “Shine up Khuar!” (This is a draft of a text of a God- summoning celebration, i.e. a magic text on an amulet).

 

On Figure 2, the symmetric text can be interpreted as “Shine (up) Khuar!” or “Shine! Khuar! You have been shining!”. Khuar the Lord whose name was mentioned in the preserved historic sources was the deity of the Caucasian Huns. Scythians and Huns used very similar symmetric sentences in order to emphasize the perfect and undeniable content of their holy texts. This triple structure of the signs in which the name of God is placed between two hieroglyphs meaning „shine” fits into the well known structure of the texts of God-summoning celebrations. Other texts like this can be found on the enamel Christ-picture of the Hungarian Holy Stephan’s Crown[2] manufactured around 531 AD for the Sabirian Huns in the Merve Oasis (Fig. 2/b). The two texts are not totally identical but their common cultural background is not questionable. It is an interesting parallelism that the angle of inclination of the hieroglyph „shining” is exactly the same on both objects: on the right edge they tilt to the right, on the left edge to the left. That is particularly interesting as the hieroglyph „shining” that is the prefiguration of the minor „r” of the Secler rune writing appears in different positions, from horizontal position, through of different skewness until the vertical position.

Fig. 2/b) The text of the God-summoning celebration in the enamel Christ-picture of the Hungarian Holy Stephan’s Crown that can be read as „Shine, shine shine [oh] Lord! This is the land of Lyuko the Lord. You have been shining, shining, shining, [oh], Lord!”

Fig. 3) The sentence „Glorious Lyuko" from the Turul-fragment of Mestec Kralové treasure.

Where can one know from that these birds are Turuls? Also Csanád Bálint asked this question regarding the birds in his book written about the Nagyszentmiklós-treasure. It was me who answered this question: the Turul can be recognized based on the Secler runes placed on and at the birds which are word-signs, i.e. hieroglyphs. Based on the principle that „holy birds wear holy signs” it can be stated that this is not a normal bird but it must be a divine bird that is an important symbol in the Hunnian-Hungarian mythology. Lyuko is one of the names of the God of Scythians, Huns and Avars that was identified with the Milky Way and called source of life and abundance.

Fig. 4) The Avar-Hun Turuls that were misunderstood as Ostrogoth symbols. They wear the sentence „Lyuko the Great One /or the Great River (in the middle), and the hieroglyphs „Lyukó”, „Great One / River” (on the left side) as well as the hieroglyphic Secler runes "ly", "n" and "ü" (on the right side).

 

Footnotes

 

(1) The study book was published to the birthday of Béla Miklós Szőke, leader of the archeological excavations at Zalavár. Unfortunately the published results of the Zalavár-excavations don’t help the clearing if the truth because – as Kornél Bakay told – Zalavár has never been Mosaburg. The here described writing monuments from Middle-Bohemia are very useful as they are suitable to underline the economic and cultural presence of the Hungarian-speaking Avars and to compensate the damages caused by misconceptions serving political preconceptions in the public opinion.

 

 

 

Literature

Nada Profantova: Bronzefunde des 7. Jahrhunderts aus Méstec Králové (Bez. Nymburk, Böhmen). CASTELLUM, CIVITAS, URBS "CENTRES AND ELITS in the early Medeival Ages of Eastern-Central-Europe. Publ. by the Hungarian Scientific Academy, Research Center of Phil. Sciences, Institute of Archeology. Budapest, Leipzig, Keszthely, Rahden/Westf. 2015.

Bakay, Kornél: Zalavár-Vársziget és a Mosaburg-kérdés

Bakay, Kornél: Controversy between Zalavàr – Vàrsziget and Mosaburg

 

Varga, Géza: Osztrogót turulok a hieroglifikus "Lyukó a nagy folyó" mondattal

Varga, Géza: Magyar hieroglif írás Írástörténeti Kutatóintézet / Institute of Writing History, Budapest, 2017.

 

Varga, Géza: A Szent Korona születésének ideje, helye és alkalma

 

Varga, Géza: Istenidéző szertartás szövegkönyve a Szent Koronán 

 

 

II.

The Avarian beltend-fitting from Mestec Kralové with the symmetric sentence "Lyuko the Glorious Lord”

Nada Profantova published in her study titled Bronzefunde des 7. Jahrhunderts aus Méstec Králové (Bez. Nymburk, Böhmen (1) the description and drawings of the pieces of a treasure find unearthed in Middle-Bohemia. On two of these finds there are readable signs. These are the hieroglyphic signs of the Hungarian rune alphabets. I published earlier an article about the fragment with the eagle heads. In this current article I am going to analyze the other object: the beltend fitting with rune letters (Figure 1).

Fig. 1) The symmetric sentence „Lyuko the Glorious Lord” written in hieroglyphs on the Avarian beltend fitting from the treasure of Mestec Kralové.

 

The shape of the beltend is very typical. The arch over the horizontal platform supported with a vertical line in the middle reveals itself at first reading as the frontal view of a Cosmos-model. This is an example of the depiction convention of the „sky-supporting tree”. (1)

 

 

The drawing consists of readable hieroglyphs. The arch of the firmament is created of two big hieroglyphics signs (2). In the middle, the ligature readable as Lord Lyuko symbolizes the sky-supporting tree that is identical with the God (i.e. with the Milky Way). This ligature can be seen on several Hun vats, too (Fig. 2 & 3). The complete meaning of the symmetric sign-complex on the Avarian beltend from Mestec Kralové is “Lyuko the Great Glorious Lord”.

 

Fig. 2) The sentence „Lyuko the Lord” on the Hun vat of Rádpuszta (Kaposvölgy) readable from the top to the down (in the middle), the hieroglyphs „Lord” and „Lyuko” from Rádpuszta (on the left side, readable from the top to the down) as well as the Szekler runes "sz" & "ly" with hieroglyphic meaning (on the right side).

 

Fig. 3) The ligature „Lyuko the Lord” on the Hun vat of Kaposvölgy (foto by Ádám Vágó) can be read from the perspective of the God, i.e. upside-down for the humans. 

 

The ligature inscription „Great Lord” on the cauldron ears of the Hun vat of Rádpuszta (Kaposvölgy) can be read from human perspective (Fig 4). This double bustrophedon-like writing is a typical Eastern feature of the millennia before Christi (see f.e. the Trialet-culture and China).  

 

Fig. 4) The ligature „Great  Lord” on the Hun vat of Kaposvölgy stands on its feet and can be read from the top to the down (on the top the hieroglyph “Great”, below that the hieroglyph „Lord”).

 

Fig. 5) One part of a Hun jewellery from Kerch with the text „Very Great” on its top.

 

Fig. 6) The sentence „Territory of the great God” (in the middle) on the Avarian rosette from Kölkedi (on the left side): the „n” letter of the Szekler alphabet (on the top of the right side) is already vertical.

 

Fig. 7) A beltend from the Avarian graveyard of Zamárdi (in the middle) with the sentence „Very great Og Ten” (Ten = God, in modern Hungarian Is-Ten), on the left side from the top to down the hieroglyphs „Great”, „Og” and „Ten”, the apt Szekler rune letters "n", "o/ó" and „ten” on the right side. 

 

On the beltend from Zamárdi and on the beltend of Mestec Kralové the texts are placed very similarly (Fig. 7). 

 

Footnotes

 (1) To the Cosmos-models see the book A magyarság jelképei, to the depiction conventions see the book titled Magyar hieroglif írás ! 

 (2) The arch of the firmament in the Hun and Avar hieroglyphic texts is often identical with the hieroglyph of „Great” that initially had been horizontal (Fig 4 & 5) but later became vertical (because of the changing writing technology of the rune scripts, see Fig. 1 & 7). This Avarian text from Bohemia contains already two vertical „Great” hieroglyphs (Fig. 1). In contrast to that, on the Hun vat of Kaposvölgyi (Fig. 3 & 4), on the Hun jewellery of Kerch (Fig 5) and on the Avarian rosette of Kölked (Fig. 6) the horizontal version of this hieroglyph can be seen.

 

Literature

 Varga, Géza: Magyar hieroglif írás, Írástörténeti Kutatóintézet/ Institute of Writing History, Budapest, 2017.

 Varga, Géza: A magyarság jelképei, Írástörténeti Kutatóintézet/ Institute of Writing History, Budapest, 1999. 

 Varga, Géza: Olvasható avar turulok Közép-Csehországból

 Varga, Géza: A Masek Zsófia által leírt ócsai hun üst-töredék olvasata

Varga, Géza: A talpukon, vagy a fejük tetején álló jelek kérdése

Varga, Géza: Hun és avar tartalom

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[1] The Turul – in Turkish (Er)-Tugrul – was the falcon-like mythological holy bird of early Hungarians and other Scythian people - the Translator.

[2] Nowadays, an intensive debate is running around the Hungarian Holy Crown or Stephan’s Crown. According to the historical tradition, the Crown had been sent by Pope Sylvester II to Prince Vajk who was crowned to the first Hungarian king in 1000 AD. Some modern historians state that the Crown was manufactured later, in the time of King Béla III (1148 – 1196). In contrast to that, a group of historians and art historians assert the Crown was created much earlier, presumably in the time of Scythians or Huns. See the short summary: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Crown_of_Hungary  - the Translator.