The origins of Hunnish Runic Writing (19) The age of the development of Székely character forms

 

The age of the development of Székely character forms

 

The most probable source of the set of religious symbols which formed the basis of Hungarian runes is the region of the Aegean Sea, Anatolia and Mesopotamia. It is suggested by rune “f” (Föld = Earth), which is in fact a map of Eden around Mount Ararat (Figs. 4, 8). Noah's sons set forth in several waves from this region to repopulate the world after the floods following the various glacial periods, the last of which occurred in all probability around 12000 - 8000 BC.[1]

Symbolism connected to religious beliefs has spread all over the world. For example the variants of Székely “f,” “j,” “ak,” and “m” can be recognized among American Indian pictograms (see e.g. Fig. 10). Indians carried these symbols from Siberia, the region most severely affected by ice, to the New World around 12000 BC, therefore the system of symbols is about the same age. However, I must emphasize that these estimates are based on uncertain foundations, because opinions on how and when America was populated vary.

Similar printed signs were found on pebbles from the cave of Mas d’Azil, France, from around 12000-8000 BC (Fig. 29). They have so many parallels with Székely characters (I have found 18 equivalents in Jensen/1969, Mandics/1987, and Roe/1970) that the explanation must lie in genetic relation based on mythology. Some authors compared the drawings on the pebbles to Cypriot, Cretan, and Phoenician signs, while others labeled this comparison so much nonsense.

That judgment, however, does not pass for scientific criticism; it only illustrates how unformed the theories of the origin of writing are and how little some conclusions are known. The question of the origin of writing is still cloaked in darkness - that is why few people recognize the significance of half sentences about religious, magical origin of signs uttered by writing historians.

It is of great typological importance, that Székely script offers an unparalleled possibility to understand and illustrate these religious sources. It is not mere chance that the meaning of ancient signs can be understood with the help of the characters of Székely script (cf. Figs. 1, 8, 10). We can suppose that at that early age the various signs were mainly religious symbols connected to the notions of the middle of the Earth, the tree holding the sky, creation, and ancestor worship. For Neolithic man, living in an age of myths, they expressed vital connections, and their significance can be seen in the wide distribution of these signs and their appearance in Székely script.

Their widespread use is in accordance with a theory of Finnish scientists (e.g. Saks), who, on the basis of geographical names, claim that the area south of the ice-cap, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean was inhabited by Finno-Ugrian peoples. These Finno-Ugrian peoples may have spread from one central area probably 40,000 years ago (?), when in a warmer period Homo Sapiens Sapiens (man today) set off from the Near East to areas where the ice had already melted to take over Europe from Neanderthal man. They set out from the very area where the name of the Hungarian Isten (God), which is a compound made up from Hungarian words, has survived in the Hattic sun god's name Estan (see p. 39.), and where the Hungarian god's attributes have been preserved in the names of the four holy rivers.[2] That is, though little is known about this early era, it is correct to seek the ancient traces of Hungarian language, religion, and symbols in the earliest cultures in the Near East.

One of the traces is the name and written form of the Egyptian Usiri (Osiris in Greek) and Assur. Its parallels can be found in the Mordvin word azoro (lord), Vogoul otar (reigning prince), Old-Irani asura (lord), and the Hungarian ezer (thousand)[3]. They all mean ancient lord (õsúr) and are compounded from the Sumerian words as and uru (both meaning “man”) and the Hungarian words õs (ancient) and úr (lord; uru at the time of the Hungarian Conquest). Assur[4] is a creator god, called “õs” (ancient lord, progenitor) in Hungarian. That traditional name could have reached Egypt well before the Assyrians, at the dawn of history starting from Hurrian (Sabir) areas that were later conquered by the Assyrians. Thus a thousand threads link Egyptian, Sumerian, Assyrian and other ancient mythologies to the predecessor of the Hungarian language and mythology, which in turn played a significant role in the development of Székely character forms.

Following their development, the prototypes of Székely character forms retained their linear features, probably as a result of the general use of runic technology for millennia. There is no reason to rule out the possibility that different (e.g. cuneiform) variants have also developed, but no generally accepted hypothesis exists about their relationship to the predecessor of Székely script and Hungarian language, and discussion of this topic would go beyond the goals of this study. Extending the circle of the Székely runic script's relatives, Hungarian national pictograms and royal symbols can also be considered as the pictorial variants of Székely signs. Such variants may also be sought among the symbols used in steppes and other areas, as long as the possibility of a relationship through ethnicity, language or writing history exists.

Other writing media also had an influence on the shapes of Székely signs. According to Priscos, the Huns used paper as well for writing, and their use of ligatures is illustrated by the contraction of the words “õs ég” (ancient sky) in Fig. 22. This can also explain some later Székely character shapes that are difficult to carve. These are for example the ligatures “aNTaL” and “ALBeRT” in the runic calendar, which resemble Saint Stephen’s and the Frankish rulers’ initials. Such Székely initials have been found by count Marsigli in Transylvania. They were carved on tally-stick, but these complicated signs could have been first drawn on paper and only subsequently carved. On the basis of some other round Székely characters which are unsuitable for carving, Németh Gyula concluded, “Even in the earliest times writing with pen or similar device must have existed parallel with the runic technique” (Németh/1934/24).

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[1] The last ice age, which culminated 18-20 thousand years ago, had its center in Siberia. In Eastern Europe and Siberia the ice receded around 8300 BC.

[2] Osiris - like the Hunnish prince Csaba and Álmos, a Hungarian chieftain - emerged from water at his birth.The names of the four holy rivers in Eden refer to the connections between the Hungarians and this water cult. The names of the Halys, the Arakses,the Tigris/Idiglat/Hiddekel, and the Euphrates can be connected to the Hungarian god’s attributes élõ (living), úr (lord), egy (one, only), jó (good); the Hungarian words hullám (wave), ár (current, flood), ér (vein or brook), ügy (case), húgy (urine), and jó (good) folyó (river); and the god-names Helios, Uranos, Ygg, Ea. These linguistic relationships can be explained only by an almost six thousand-year-old linguistic-cultural common source, whose inheritors are the Hungarians. I discussed this topic in more detail in my book "A Magyarság jelképei" (Hungarian symbolic system), to be published soon. The scribe and guard of Osiris (Õs úr - Ancient lord) was in fact Thot (cf. Hungarian tud - know, tudós - scientist), the creator of writing.

[3] The rune for ezer (thousand) is an eight-pointed star, the same as the earlier form of Sumerian pictogram of dingir "star; god".

[4] In the Assurian variant of the Babylonian epic poem of creation, Enuma Elis, Assur is a creator god. One of his wives is Ninlil, the wife of the Sumerian Enlil, therefore Assur and Enlil are equivalent. His son is Ninurta, who is usually identified as Nimród, the progenitor of the Hungarians in Hungarian cronicles.

Contents

Preface to the English edition	7.
Preface	9.
History of the scientific views on the origins of Székely runic script	10.
Principles of deriving the origins of Székely script	26.
The development of writing	28.
The shapes of runes and the objects they represent	29.
The mythology, names, and sound values of runes	32.
Rituals and runic script	35.
Types and number of characters	37.
Order of characters	39.
Direction of reading and characters	48.
Syllabic signs	52.
The regular use of syllable and vowel signs	55.
The birth of letter scripts	58.
Comparing of writing systems	61.
The academic historical-geographical preconception	68.
The Turkish connection	70.
What the historical sources say	71.
Székely script of the Huns	73.
The age of the development of Székely character forms	79.
The age of unification of Székely character sets	82.
Hungarian vocabulary connected to writing	87.
Ligatures that survived millennia	92.
Migrations of peoples	97.
Summary	101.
Bibliography	109.

Varga Géza

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